Study Links Newborn Fatty Acid Metabolites to Autism Risk

A recent study suggests that measuring specific fatty acid metabolites in newborn blood could help predict the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Researchers found that elevated levels of certain metabolites are associated with increased ASD symptoms by the age of six.

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Fatty Acid

This breakthrough could pave the way for earlier diagnostics and interventions, potentially improving outcomes for children with ASD. The study underscores the significant role of prenatal factors in ASD development.

Key Findings:

• Higher levels of 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (diHETrE) in newborn blood are linked to increased ASD symptoms.
• The research involved analyzing umbilical cord blood from 200 children.
• Early detection through blood tests may enhance intervention strategies.

Source: University of Fukui

ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder impacting learning and social behavior. While awareness of ASD has grown, particularly regarding its prevalence and effects, many aspects remain poorly understood. Existing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in ASD, with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites during pregnancy being potential factors.

In a recent study, researchers from Japan, including Professor Hideo Matsuzaki and Drs. Takaharu Hirai and Naoko Umeda from the University of Fukui, analyzed PUFA metabolites in neonatal umbilical cord blood. Their findings, published on July 23, 2024, in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, offer new insights into ASD’s potential causes.

Professor Matsuzaki explained, “CYP metabolism produces both epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which have anti-inflammatory effects, and dihydroxy fatty acids (diols), which have inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that the balance of these metabolites during fetal development could influence ASD symptoms and daily functioning in children.”

To test this, the team examined the relationship between PUFA metabolites in umbilical cord blood and ASD symptoms in 200 children. Cord blood was collected at birth, and ASD symptoms were assessed when the children turned six, with input from their mothers.

The study identified 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (diHETrE), a dihydroxy fatty acid derived from arachidonic acid, as a key compound influencing ASD severity. Higher levels of diHETrE were linked to greater ASD symptoms and impaired adaptive functioning. The impact varied by gender, with higher levels affecting social interactions and lower levels influencing repetitive behaviors.

These findings could revolutionize understanding, diagnosis, and prevention of ASD. Measuring diHETrE levels at birth might enable early prediction of ASD risk, potentially improving intervention and support for affected children.

Professor Matsuzaki noted, “Early intervention for ASD is known to be effective, and detecting the condition at birth could significantly enhance support for children.” He also suggested that exploring ways to inhibit diHETrE metabolism during pregnancy might offer a new approach to preventing ASD traits, though further research is needed.

In summary, these discoveries provide a promising path for future research into ASD, aiming to enhance early diagnosis and improve the lives of individuals with ASD and their families.